Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which provokes inflammation and sores, or ulcers, in the lining of the large intestine (the colon and rectum). Symptoms of ulcerative colitis include abdominal pain/cramps, diarrhoea that contains blood or pus, rectal pain and nausea.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection that affects part of the urinary tract – a kidney infection affects the upper urinary tract and a bladder infection affects the lower urinary tract. E. coli is the most common UTI-causing bacteria. The symptoms include a burning sensation on urination and feeling the urge to urinate often.

The urogenital tract (also referred to as the ‘genitourinary system’) combines all the organs of the reproductive system and the urinary system. Namely the kidneys, ureter, bladder and urethra, plus the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina in women, and testes, prostate, seminal ducts and penis in men.